Ahmad Shah Abdali Wiki, Age, Death, Wife, Family, Biography & More – WikiBio
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Ahmad Shah Abdali was the first emperor of the Durrani Empire. He is considered the founder of the modern Afghan state. He was called Padishah-i-Ghazi (Victorious Emperor) and Durr-i-Durrani (Pearl or Pearl of the Age). He was called “Ahmed Sababa” by the Afghans.
Wiki/Biography
Ahmad Shah Abdali is also known as Ahmed Shah Durrani or Ahmad Shah Abdali Durr-i-Durrani. He was born in 1722 (Age 50-51 at death) in Herat (then Hotak Empire, now Afghanistan) or Multan (then Mughal Empire, now Pakistan).
Family, Caste and Wife
Ahmed Shah was born in Sadozer clan (Abu Dali tribe) Afghans. His father, Mohammad Zaman Khan Abduri, was from the Sardoze tribe, and his mother, Zaguna Begum, was from the Alakozhai tribe. Ahmad Shah Abdali’s father, Mohammad Zaman Khan, was imprisoned by the Persian army and released in 1715. After his release, Zaman traveled to Multan to meet his relatives, and according to some sources, Abdulli was born in Multan (now Pakistan). He had a brother, Zulfiqar, who later became the governor of Mazandaran in Iran. Abdulli was married three times. Ahmed’s first wife was Mimtar, his second wife was Iffat-un-Nissa Begum, and his third wife was Hazrat Begum, and they were married in 1757. One of his children was Timur Shah Durrani, born in 1748. The second and eldest son of Ahmed and Mimtar.
Ahmed Shah Abdali Early Life
In 1738, Ahmed and his brother Zulfikar were released from the imprisonment of Hussein Hotak, the Gilgi ruler of the Kandahar region, and they both joined the Nadar Shah (the rule of the Afshar dynasty in Iran). ) army.
Zulfiqar was appointed governor of Mazandaran, while Ahmad Shah served as Nadar’s valet. Later, Ahmed was promoted to commander of the 4,000 soldiers of Abdul’s cavalry, who later assisted Nader Shah’s army in the invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1738. According to Pashtun legend, when Nader Shah was in Delhi, he said,
Ahmed Abduri came forward. Remember Ahmed Khan Abdulli, after me the kingship will pass to you. “
rise to power
In 1747, Nadersha was assassinated by his own guards. The guards planned the murder so secretly that Abdulli’s regiment was unable to rescue him. One of Ahmed Shah’s wife told him that Nader was killed. Ahmed and his army came to his rescue, but by the time they arrived, their leader Nader was dead. The loyal Abdulli regiment wept over the death of their leader and returned to Kandahar. Before leaving, Ahmed removed the royal seal from Nader Shah’s finger and tied the Koh-i-Noor diamond to the arm of the late master. After Nadersha’s death, the Durrani family unanimously accepted Ahmed as their new leader, and as a result, Abdulli became the sovereign ruler of Afghanistan.
Invade India
After Nader Shah’s death, Abdali married his widow Iffat-un-Nissa Begum. He has assembled a trusted army of his compatriots Duranis and other Pashtuns, Tajiks, Zizrbash and other Muslims.
He began his military conquest by capturing Ghazni from the Kyrgyz and then Kabul from the local rulers. He invaded the Punjab region three times between 1747 and 1753. In 1750, he successfully captured Herat (now the city of Afghanistan).
From 1748 to 1767, Ahmad Shah invaded India eight times. The main purpose of these invasions was to plunder the wealth of India; because India is a rich country. He made his first invasion of India in 1748 and was defeated at the Battle of Manupur. The second invasion was in 1749, when they succeeded in taking control of territory west of the Indus. The third invasion was the Battle of Lahore (1752), in which Ahmed Shah won Mirmanu (the Mughal governor of Punjab). In the fourth invasion, his army successfully plundered the cities of Lahore, Sirhind, Delhi, Mathura and Vrindavan.
The Fifth Invasion was one of the most important eras in Indian history. Because it consisted of many battles including the Battle of Lahore (1759), the Second Battle of Sikandalabad (1760), the Siege of Kunjpura (1760), the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and the Battle of Sialkot (1761). The last three invasions were from 1762 to 1767.
The Third Battle of Panipat (1761)
In 1758, the Marathi drove Abduri’s son, Timur Shah Durrani, from Punjab and Kashmir. In 1759, Abdali avenged this by fighting back with his army and reaching Lahore and Delhi. According to sources, this is believed to be one of the reasons for the “Third Battle of Panipat”. The battle took place on January 14, 1761 in Panipat (now Haryana) between the Marathi led by Sadashivrao Bau and Ahmed Shah Abdulli between the leading Afghan troops. It is considered one of the most important battles in India in the 18th century. Abdali’s army is supported by three Indian allies – Rohillas Najib-ud-daulah, Afghans, in the Doab area and Shuja-ud-Daula, Nawab, in Awadh; as they are all Muslim leaders.
The main Maratha army is stationed in Deccan along with the Peshwas. The Marathi chief, Sadashivrao Bau, marched north with an army of 1,00,000 men. In the first battle, Abdali forces killed the Maratha fighter Dattaji Shinde or Dattaji Rao Scindia. This battle was followed by several battles that lasted several days.
The Marathon team fought off the Rohila who supported the Afghans, but soon the Maratha team was in a weak position. The Afghan army is more numerous than Marathi, and Afghanistan’s allies are stronger than Marathi. On January 14, 1761, the battle began, initially, the Marathas won, but when the Afghans killed Vishwasrao (Bhau’s nephew) and Sadashivrao Bhau, the war ended and the Afghans won.
aftermath of the battle
According to the Bakhar of Diwan Kashi Raj of Shuja-ud-Daula (a historical account written in Marathi prose), some 40,000 Marathi prisoners were massacred the day after the Afghans won the battle. Children and women of the Maratha clan are imprisoned by the Afghans. After the battle, Abdali wrote a letter to Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao on February 10, 1761, appealing,
There is no reason for hostility between us. Your son Vishwasrao and your brother Sadashivrao died in battle, unfortunately. Bhau started the fight, so I had to reluctantly fight back. However, I am saddened by his death. Please continue to guard Delhi as before, I have no objection to that. Let only Punjab till Sutlaj stay with us. It is my fervent desire to have Shah Alam back on the throne of Delhi as you did before, and to maintain peace and friendship between us. fulfill my wishes. “
die
Ahmad Shah Abdali has a tumor on his nose that causes cancer. After battling cancer for several years, he died in Murga, Herat province, Afghanistan, in June 1773.
Facts/trivia
- His remains were buried in Kandahar, Afghanistan (known as the Tomb of Ahmed Shah Durrani). The Prophet Muhammad wore a sacred cloak in the tomb.
- After Abdali’s death, his son Timur Shah Durrani inherited his empire.
- The epitaph on his tombstone reads:
High King Ahmed Shah Durrani,
Equal to Kisla in managing his government affairs.
In his day, out of reverence for his glory and greatness,
The lioness fed the stag with her milk.
from all directions to the ears of his enemies
A thousand reproaches came from the mouth of his dagger.
the date he left the house of death
It is Hijra 1186 (1772 AD)”
- He was a great poet and wrote many poems in his native language “Pashto”. His famous poem is “The Love of a Nation”:
Connected by blood, we are immersed in our love for you.
Young people lose their minds for you.
I come to you and my heart rests.
Away from you, sadness entangles my heart like a poisonous snake.
I forgot the throne of Delhi
When I think of the summit of my beautiful Pakhtunkhwa. “
If I had to choose between the world and you,
I will not hesitate to claim your barren desert as my own”
- In 2019, a Hindi film about “The Third Battle of Panipat” was released; titled “Panipat-The Great Betrayal”, in which Sanjay Dutt played the role of “Ahmad Shah Abdali” and Arjun Kapoor played the role of “Sadashivrao” Bhau” role.
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