About the Elector of Brandenburg Albrecht III Achilles: Elector of Brandenburg (1414 – 1486)
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Albert III (German: Albrecht III.) (November 9, 1414 – March 11, 1486) From 1471 until his death, he was Elector of Brandenburg, the third Elector of the House of Hohenzollern.As a member of the Order of the Swan, he was awarded the Order Achilles For his chivalrous qualities and virtues. He also ruled in the Franconian duchy of Ansbach from 1440 and Kulmbach (as Albrecht I) in 1464.
early life
Albert was born at the Brandenburg residence in Tangermünde, the third son of Frederick I, a citizen of Nuremberg, and his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Wittelsbach of Bavaria-Landshut. His father had been governor of Brandenburg; a few months after Albert’s birth, he was decreed by the Luxembourg Emperor Sigismund among the electorate of the Council of Constance.
After a stint at the court of Emperor Sigismund, Albert participated in the Hussite Wars and later assisted Sigismund’s successor, the German Habsburg King Albert II against Huss and his Excellent performance as a Polish ally. In 1435, he and his elder brother John made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
rule Franconia
On the territorial division after his father’s death in 1440, Albert received the Duchy of Ansbach, and Johann took over as Elector of Brandenburg. Although resource-poor, Albert soon came to the fore among the German princes, particularly in resisting the self-government of towns.
However, Albert’s plan to reunite the former Duchy of Franconia under his rule failed: in 1443 he formed an alliance mainly against the imperial city of Nuremberg, against which his late father had previously exercised civic rights. However, it was not until 1448 that he found an excuse to attack. After initial military success in the First Marquis’ War, he was defeated at the Battle of Pirenreutweig, leading to the Treaty of Bamberg (22 June 1450), forcing Albert to return all conquered territory and recognized Nuremberg and its associated towns.
Albert supported the Habsburg Emperor Frederick III in his struggle against princes who wished to reform the Holy Roman Empire, and in return this loyalty was favored by Frederick, including extensive judicial powers, which were in the neighbouring reign. There was considerable outrage among the people.
In 1457, Albert arranged for the marriage of his eldest son Johan and Margaret, daughter of Count William III of Thuringia, who inherited her mother’s granddaughter of Emperor Sigismund’s sovereignty over Hungary and Bohemia. Attempts to secure these thrones for the Hohenzollerns through this marriage failed, and a similar fate befell Albert’s attempts to revive the abandoned dukedom of Franken.
The sharp divisions between the princes over reforms culminated in the Bavarian War of 1459-1463, when Albert faced a battle between the elector Palatine Frederick I and his Wittelsbach. The alliance led by the cousin Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut. Despite his defeat in the struggle, Albert continued to fight Prince Rudolf II of Wurzburg and even allied himself with his former enemy, King George of Bohemia of Podebrady, a step that led to Pope Paul II put him under a ban.
Elector Albrecht Achilles, 17th century engraving
Albert lived in Ansbach permanently from 1460; after the death of his brother Johan in 1464, he also inherited the Duchy of Kulmbach.
Elector of Brandenburg
In 1471, Albert became Elector of Brandenburg due to the abdication of his remaining brother, Elector Frederick II, the previous year. He was now the sole ruler of the entire Hohenzollern estate and soon became actively involved in the management. With the Treaty of Prenzlauer in 1472, he ended the War of the Stettin Succession and placed the Duchy of Pomerania in his supremacy.
After establishing the right to levy tonnage on the wines of the Mark, he published in February 1473 Achilles character, which stipulated that the Marquis of Brandenburg should be inherited entirely by the eldest son, while the younger son should receive the family’s Frankish property. After marriage therapy for one of his sons with Princess Mary of Burgundy (daughter and heiress of the valiant Duke Charles) failed, Albert handed the government of Brandenburg to his eldest son, John Cicero, and Returned to his domain in Franconia.
After that, Albert’s main attention was taken by the business of the Empire. Seriously ill, he took part in the imperial elections of 1486, electing Maximilian of the Habsburgs as Roman king at Frankfurt Cathedral. A few weeks later, in March, Albert died in Frankfurt. He was buried in the Heilsbronn Abbey Church near Ansbach. He left behind a considerable amount of treasure.
family and children
Albert was married twice. First, on 12 November 1446 he married Margaret of Baden, daughter of Jacob I of Baden and Catherine of Lorraine. From this marriage, he has the following children:
- Wolfgang, born in 1450, died in 1450.
- Johann Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455-99).
- Friedrich, died young.
- Ursula (25 September 1450 – 25 October 1508, Breslau) married Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Auers.
- Elizabeth, (29 October 1451, Ansbach – 28 March 1524, Nuttingen) married Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg.
- Margarita (18 April 1453 – 27 April 1509), abbot of Hoofclair Abbey.
Margaret died on October 24, 1457, and in 1458 Albert married Anna, Elector of Saxony and daughter of Frederick II of Austria Margaret. Their children are:
- Frederick I (German: Friedrich II. von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach or Friedrich der Ältere; 1460–1536), Marquis of Ansbach from 1486 and Bayreuth from 1495.
- Amalia (1 October 1461, Plasenburg – 3 September 1481, Baden-Baden) married Caspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken.
- Anna, born in 1462, died in 1462.
- Barbara (30 May 1464, Ansbach – 4 September 1515, Ansbach), married:
- Granted to Henry XI, Duke of Gvogov, in Berlin, 11 October 1472;
- August 20, 1476 at Frankfurt (Oder) to King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary.
- Albrecht, born in 1466, died in 1466.
- Sibylle (31 May 1467, Ansbach – 9 July 1524, Castel), married Duke Wilhelm IV of Jülich and Berg.
- Sigmund, Marquis of Bayreuth (27 September 1468, Ansbach – 26 February 1495, Ansbach).
- Albrecht, born in 1470, died in 1470.
- Georg (30 December 1472, Berlin – 5 December 1476, Kadolzburg).
- Dorothea (12 December 1471, Berlin – 13 February 1520, Bamberg), abbot of Bamberg.
- Elizabeth (8 April 1474, Ansbach – 25 April 1507, Romhilde), married Count Hermann VIII of Henneberg-Aschach (1470–1535)
- Magdalene (July 29, 1476, Berlin – before February 4, 1480).
- Anastasia (14 March 1478, Ansbach – 4 July 1534, Ilmenau), married Count Wilhelm IV of Henneberg-Schlesingen (1478- 1559)
dynastic marriage of his children
In 1474 Albert married his daughter Barbara to Henry XI, Duke of Gvogov, who after his death in 1476 left the property to his widow and returned it to her family, but this The arrangement was resisted by Henry’s relative, Duke Jan II of Żagań. With the help of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, Jan of Zagan invaded Brandenburg, and the Pomeranians seized the opportunity to revolt. In this case, Albert returned to Brandenburg in 1478, forced the Pomeranians to admit his supremacy, and after a tenacious struggle, obtained Duke Henry for his daughter in 1482 part of the land.
ancestor
16. Frederick IV of Nuremberg Bergref | |||||||||||||||||||
8. John II, Bergref of Nuremberg | |||||||||||||||||||
17. Margaret of Carinthia | |||||||||||||||||||
4. Frederick V of Nuremberg Bergref | |||||||||||||||||||
18. Berthold VII, Count Henneberg-Schlesingen | |||||||||||||||||||
9. Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen | |||||||||||||||||||
19. Adheide, Hesse | |||||||||||||||||||
2. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg | |||||||||||||||||||
20. Frederick I, Marquis of Meissen | |||||||||||||||||||
10. Frederick II, Marquis of Meissen | |||||||||||||||||||
21. Elizabeth of Lobdaburg-Arnshaugk | |||||||||||||||||||
5. Elizabeth of Meissen | |||||||||||||||||||
22. Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV | |||||||||||||||||||
11. Mathilde of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||||||
23. Beatrix of Silesia-Glogau | |||||||||||||||||||
1. Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg | |||||||||||||||||||
24. Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV | |||||||||||||||||||
12. Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||||||
25. Beatrix of Silesia-Glogau | |||||||||||||||||||
6. Frederick of Bavaria-Landshut | |||||||||||||||||||
26. Frederick III of Sicily | |||||||||||||||||||
13. Elizabeth of Sicily | |||||||||||||||||||
27. Eleanor of Anjou | |||||||||||||||||||
3. Elizabeth of Bavaria-Landshut | |||||||||||||||||||
28. Stefano Visconti | |||||||||||||||||||
14. Bernabeau Visconti | |||||||||||||||||||
29. Valentina Doria | |||||||||||||||||||
7. Maddalena Visconti | |||||||||||||||||||
30. Mastino II della Scala | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Beatrice Regina della Scala | |||||||||||||||||||
31. Taddea da Carrara | |||||||||||||||||||
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