About Aldus Manutius: Italian Printer and Humanist (n/a – 1515)
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Aldus Pius Manutius (; Italian: Aldo Pio Manuzio; 1449/1452 – 6 February 1515) was an Italian humanist, scholar, educator and founder of the publishing house Ordin. Manutius devoted the second half of his life to publishing and disseminating rare texts. His interest in and preservation of Greek manuscripts marked him in his day as an innovative publisher dedicated to the editions he produced. His enchiridia small portable book revolutionized personal reading and was the precursor to the modern paperback.
Manutius wanted to produce Greek texts for his readers because he believed that Aristotle’s or Aristophanes’ works in their original Greek form were pure and unadulterated by translation. Before Manutius, publishers rarely printed books in Greek, mainly because of the complexity of offering standardized Greek fonts. Manutius published rare manuscripts in original Greek and Latin. He commissioned Greek and Latin typefaces that resembled the humanist handwriting of his era; the typeface was a precursor to the first known italic typeface. As the Aldine Press grew in popularity, despite Manutius’ efforts to prevent piracy of the Aldine version, his innovations were soon replicated in Italy.
Due to Aldine Publishing’s growing reputation for careful and accurate publications, Erasmus approached Manutius to publish his Iphigenia of Oris.
Manutius studied in Rome as a young man and became a scholar of humanism. He was friends with Giovanni Pico and tutored Pico’s nephew, Prince Carpi, Alberto and Lionello Pio. During his tenure as a mentor, Manutius published two works for his students and their mothers. In his thirties or early forties, Manutis settled in Venice and became a print publisher. He met Andrea Torresani in Venice, and the two co-founded Aldine Press.
Manutius is also known as “Aldus Manutius the Elder” to distinguish him from his grandson, Aldus Manutius the Younger.
early life
Bust of Aldo Manuzio. Pantheon Veneto; Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
Aldus Manutius was born between 1449 and 1452 in Bassiano, near Rome. He grew up in a wealthy Italian Renaissance family and was sent to Rome at a young age to become a humanist scholar. In Rome he studied Latin under Gaspare da Verona, and in the early 1470s attended Domizio Calderini’s lectures. From 1475 to 1478 Manutius studied Greek in Ferrara with Guarino da Verona.
Little is known about Manutius for much of his early life.according to 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume 17, Manutius received citizenship of the town of Carpi on March 8, 1480, where he owned local property and traveled in 1482 with his old friend and classmate Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Mirandola, where he stayed for two years to study Greek literature. Pico recommended Manutius as mentor to his nephews Alberto and Leonello Pio, princes of the town of Carpi. At Carpi, Manutius was in close contact with his student Alberto Pio. At the end of the 1480s, Manutius published two works, written to two of his pupils and their mother, Caterina Pico – both by Baptista de Tor Tees publishes in Venice: custard apple with it Catherine Letters (March/May 1487 to March 1491) and by-product (1490).
The families of Giovanni Pico and Alberto Pio financed the start-up costs of Manutis’ press and gave him land in Carpi. Manutius decided that Venice was the best location for his work, and settled there in 1490. In Venice, Manutius began collecting publishing contracts when he met Andrea Torresani, who also worked in print publishing. Torresani and Manutius became lifelong business partners and their first contract was when Manutius hired Torresani to print the first edition of his Latin grammar book grammar institutionpublished March 9, 1493.
alding press
Alding Press was founded in 1494 and first published in March 1495: Erotemata cum interpreting Latin By Konstantin Lascaris. Andrea Torresani and Pier Francesco Barbarigo of Agostino Barbarigo, the viceroy’s nephew, each own 50% ‘s media. Of the 50% of Torresani, Manutius gets one-fifth, but it’s unclear whether Manutius’ one-fifth refers to Aldine Press’s 10% or is entirely Torresani’s one-fifth of ownership.
Aristotle, printed by Aldus Manutius, 1495-98 (Pregliasco, Antiques, Library of Turin)
The first great achievement of the publishing house was the five-volume folio of Aristotle. Manutius began the first volume of his Aristotelian edition in 1495. Four other volumes were published together in 1497 and 1498. The Oldin Press produced nine Aristophanes’ comedies in 1498, and Pietro Bembo edited the poems of Petrarch, published by Manutis in July 1501. In addition to editing Greek manuscripts, Manutius corrected and improved texts originally published in Florence, Rome, and Milan.
The Second Italian War temporarily suspended the press.During that time, Desiderius Erasmus asked Manutius to publish his translation Hecuba and Iphigenia of Oris Via Ardin Press. Erasmus’ original letter to Manutius asked about the printer’s proposed plan: a Greek Plato and a multilingual Bible. Through correspondence, the two reached an agreement. In December 1507, Alding Press published Iphigenia of Audreys In an octave of 80 pages, there is a translation from Greek to Latin by Erasmus.Following the success and accuracy of their first collaboration, Manutius agrees to release an expanded version Helichrysum Erasmus is studying. Erasmus traveled to Venice, where he worked for the first ten months at Olding Press. He lives in the home of Manutius and Torresani, sharing a room with Girolamo Alandro. His research using Manutius’ resources and Greek scholars enabled him to expand his collection of proverbs from 819 to 3,260 entries. Alding Press publishes this newly expanded collection of proverbs, Millennium FPCpublished in 1508. Millennium FPCErasmus helped Manutius proofread the Greek version of Plutarch Moralia and many other Aldine Press publications.
Manutius relied on Marcus Musurus, Ioannis Grigoropoulos and other Greek collaborators to translate for Aldine Press. He published a edition of The Little Greek Orator (1508) and Plutarch’s Minor Works (1509). When the League of Cambrai tried to weaken Venice’s influence, the printing stopped again. In 1513 Manutius reappeared with a version of Plato in which he compared the war and suffering in Italy with the sublime and serene things of student life, dedicated to Pope Leo X .
As Aldine Press grew in popularity, people would visit the store and interrupt Manutius’ work. Manutius put up a sign that read: “Whoever you are, Aldus will ask you over and over again what you want from him. Briefly explain your business and leave immediately.”
Manutius strives to excel in typography and book design while publishing low-cost editions. This came amid ongoing difficulties, including his workers’ strike, the unauthorized use of Manutis’ material by rivals, and problems caused by frequent disruptions to the war.
greek classic
Before Manutius, fewer than ten Greek titles were printed, most of which had to be imported from the Accursius publishing house in Milan. Only four Italian towns were authorized to publish Greek publications: Milan, Venice, Vicenza, and Florence, and they published only Theocritus, Isocrates, and Homer. The Venetian printer John Speyer produced the Greek paragraphs, but required the minimum Greek letters to be left blank and filled in by hand.
Manutius hoped to “enlighten and refine his readers by flooding them with Greek.” He first came to Venice because of its many Greek sources; Venice had Greek manuscripts from the period of Constantinople, and was one of the The home of the large groups of Greek scholars who traveled there came from Crete. Venice is also where Cardinal Bessarion donated a large collection of Greek manuscripts in 1468. In order to preserve ancient Greek literature, Aldine Press commissioned a typeface based on classical Greek manuscripts so that readers could experience the original Greek more authentically.
Simultaneously with the publication of Greek manuscripts, Manutius founded a new academy of Greek scholars in 1502 to promote Greek studies.this Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition The New Academy’s “rules are written in Greek, its members speak Greek, their names are Hellenized, and their official titles are Greek,” writes the new Academy. Members of the New Academy include Desiderius Erasmus, Pietro Bembo and Scipio Fortiguerra. MJC Lowry, a history lecturer at the University of Warwick, sees it differently, seeing the new college as a hopeful dream rather than an organised institution.
Manutius speaks Greek in his home and employs 30 Greek speakers at Aldine Press. Greek speakers from Crete prepared and proofread manuscripts, and their calligraphy was a model of the model used for Greek fonts. The typesetting and binding machine instructions were written in Greek, as was the preface to the Manutius edition. Manutius print edition hero and leander Author: Musaeus Grammaticus, myalgiaand greek psalm. He called these the “heralds of the Greek library” because they were guides to the Greek language. Under the supervision of Manutius, Aldine Press published 75 works by classical Greek and Byzantine authors.
Latin and Italian Classics
In addition to Greek classics, Ordin Press also publishes Latin and Italian authors. Manutius opens Pietro Bembo’s career as a writer by publishing De’Antai In 1496, it was the first Latin publication of a contemporary author by Alding Press. The Bembo family hired Aldine Press to use Bernardo Bembo’s personal manuscript collection to produce accurate texts for Dante and Petrarch. Pietro Bembo, working with Manutius from 1501 to 1502, provided accurate versions of Dante and Petrarch, and introduced punctuation. Bembo later produced a sin map to illustrate the 1515 Aldin version of Dante.
Manutius was less innovative with the Latin canon than the Greek canon, because these works were published 30 years before his time. In order to promote the Aldine version in Latin, Manutius enhanced the quality of his publications through his prefaces. Manutius is always on the lookout for rare manuscripts, but often finds parts missing from previously published works. Cuspinianus asked Manutius to publish missing parts of Valerius Maximus’ work, which Cuspinianus “discovered in a manuscript in Vienna”. Francesco Negri asks Manutius to post missing text Julius Firmicusdiscovered by Negri in Romania, “A manuscript from England made an improved version of Prudentius…
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