About Akabori Shiro: Japanese Chemist (1900 – 1992)
Akabori Shiro (Akahori Shiro Akabori Shiro), October 20, 1900 to November 3, 1992, Chihama Ogasawa (now Kakegawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture), Japanese chemist and university professor, known for Akabori amino acid reactions.
Contents
life and education
After graduating from public school in 1918, he trained as a pharmacist at Chiba Medical University (now Chiba University). After graduating in 1921, he joined the pharmaceutical company Momoya Shuntenkan. The company hired him as an assistant to Yuichi Nishizawa, a chemist at Tokyo Imperial University, under the tutelage of Ikeda Kikue. In the summer of the same year, he followed Nishizawa for a short stay at Tohoku Imperial University, where he studied organic chemistry with Ricoh Mashima. In 1925, he began research in this field under a fellowship from the Ajinomoto Corporation, and completed it in 1925. From 1930, he gave lectures under the supervision of Professor Mashima, and in 1931 he received his doctorate.
From 1932 to 1935, he went abroad for further studies. After returning to China, Akabori served as an assistant professor at Osaka University, became a full professor in 1939, dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences in 1947, and dean of the School of New Literature in 1949. In 1953, he was awarded the title of professor at the newly established Institute of Applied Microbiology at the University of Tokyo. Since 1958, he has been the director of Osaka University’s “Protein Research Institute” (Protein Research Institute, “Tanpakushitsu Kenkyūjo”). Akabori served two terms as university president, starting in 1960. Retired in 1966. In 1966 he became a member of the Leopoldina Academy of Sciences. In 1967, he was appointed director of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry.
Died in Shizuoka Prefecture on November 3, 1992.
Work
Akabori’s primary research focuses on the chemistry of amino acids and proteins, and the biochemistry of their oxidative processes. As a result, he developed a method for reducing α-amino acids to α-aminoaldehydes in 1931 (the Akabori reduction method), and in 1943 he developed a method for the synthesis of amino alcohols (the Akabori synthesis method). In 1952, he reported a method for the determination of C-terminal amino acids in proteins by reaction with hydrazine.In this case, all amino acids (except C-Terminal a) is converted to hydrazide.
In 1955, he was awarded the Prize of the Japanese Academy of Sciences, and ten years later he was awarded the Order of Japanese Culture. In the same year, Akabori was recognized as a cultural hero, and a year later became an honorary citizen of his hometown. In 1975, Akabori was awarded the Order of the Holy Treasure.
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